Ibn Juzayy of Q21:22 + al-Razi’s reflection

Allah says in the Quran: ‘’If there had been in the heavens or earth any gods besides Allah, both would be in ruins.’’ (al-Anbiyā’ 22) Ibn Juzayy writes in his exegesis under this verse: ‘’This is evidence for the oneness of Allah, the pronoun in {fīhihimā} refers to the heavens and earth. {illā Allah} is…