The 40 year misconception about Imam al-Ash’ari
The theological development of Imam al-Ash‘ari It’s often mentioned that Imam al-Ash’ari was a Mu‘tazili for 40 years of his life – he had become an Imam and authority of theirs. Then suddenly, one day, he experienced a tipping point (also known as the story about the three brothers[1]), upon which he became Sunni. Some…
Ibn Juzayy of Q21:22 + al-Razi’s reflection
Allah says in the Quran: ‘’If there had been in the heavens or earth any gods besides Allah, both would be in ruins.’’ (al-Anbiyā’ 22) Ibn Juzayy writes in his exegesis under this verse: ‘’This is evidence for the oneness of Allah, the pronoun in {fīhihimā} refers to the heavens and earth. {illā Allah} is…
The extent of the Prophet Muhammad’s knowledge ﷺ
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Peace and blessings be upon His chosen servant, Muhammad, and his household and companions. The following is a translation of al-Naẓar al-Thānī of al-Dawla al-Makkiyya bi al-Māddah al-Ghaybiyya by Imam Ahmad Rida Khan. This should clarify the misunderstanding that revolves around the extent of…
Is every Kafir a Mushrik?
The following is a partial translation of an entry from Kashāf Iṣṭilāḥāt al-Funūn by Muhammad b. ‘Ali al-Thanwi al-Hindi. Entry: Shirk (polytheism, idolatry) It’s written with a kasra (on the shīn) and it’s a verbal noun (maṣdar). Its meaning is ‘to associate and believe in a partner besides the Lord Who has no partner’ as…
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